ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES

 ALGEBRAIC IDENTITIES




An identity is an equality that remains true regardless of the values chosen for its variables.

Algebraic Identities 

  1.  (a+b)= a2 + 2ab + b2
  2. (a-b)= a2 - 2ab + b2
  3.  (a+b)(a-b) = a– b2
  4.  (x+a)(x+b) = x2 + (a+b)x +ab
1. Prove (a+b)= a2 + 2ab + b2
 
Solution:
  (a+b) 2 = (a+b) (a+b)
   (a+b) 2 = a (a+b) + b (a+b)
   (a+b) 2 = a2 + ab + ab + b    
   (a+b) 2 = a2 +2ab + b2

EXAMPLE:1 

EXPAND (3x + 4y)2

 Solution:

a = 3x and b = 4y

= (3x)2 + 2(3x)(4y) + (4y)2

= 9x2 + 24xy + 16y2

2. Prove  (a-b)= a2 - 2ab + b2

Solution:

(a - b)2  = (a-b) (a-b)

(a - b)2  = a(a-b) – b(a-b)

(a - b)2  a2 – ab – ab + b2

(a - b)2  a2 - 2ab + b2

EXAMPLE: 2

Expand (2a – 3b)2

 Solution:

= (2a)2 – 2(2a)(3b) + (3b)2

= 4a2 – 12ab + 9b2

3. Prove (a+b)(a-b) = a– b2 

Solution:

(a+b)(a-b) =  a (a-b) + b (a-b)

(a+b)(a-b) =  a– ab + ab – b2

(a+b)(a-b) =  a2 – b2

EXAMPLE : 3

Expand  (5x + 4y)(5x – 4y)

 Solution:

= (5x)2 – (4y)2

= 25x2 – 16y2

4. Prove (x+a)(x+b) = x2 + (a+b)x +ab

Solution:

(x+a)(x+b) = x (x+b) + a (x+b)

(x+a)(x+b) = x2 + bx + ax + ab

(x+a)(x+b) = x2 + (a+b) x + ab

Example: 4

Expand (m+5)(m-8)

Solution: 

= m2 + (5-8)m – (5)(8)

= m2 – 3m - 40

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